Brake



J. M. LANSDEN.

BRAKE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.2, I9l8.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

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JOHN M. LANSDEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PATENT OFFICE.

BRAKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

Application filed December 2, 1918. Serial No. 264,891.

T all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN M. LANSDEN, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the borough of Manhattan, city, county, and State of New York, have invented a certain new and useful Brake, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to braking devices and more -particularly to such devices in connection with motor trucks but it will be understood that the invention may be carried out in connection with light or pleasure automobiles or with vehicles of other types.

The objects of the invention are to provide a brake which will at the same time be sensitive and positive in character; be read: ily adjusted to take up wear; which will be carried within the boundaries of the wheel to which the braking effort is applied; by means of which the braking effort will be equally distributed to the wheel; which may be easily adjusted relatively to the brake applying mechanism; which will be accessible for repair or replacement; which will be economical of manufacture and capable of extended use without requiring replacement or repairs.

These and further objects will more fully appear in the following specification and accompanying drawings, considered together or separately.

I have illustrated one embodiment of my invention in the accompanying'drawings in which corresponding parts in all of the several figures are designated by similar reference characters, and in which- Figure 1 is a top plan view of the chassis of a motor vehicle provided with my invention.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation showing the positions assumed by the brake rods at normal, and at over load.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the power axle showing'a wheel and set of brake shoes in elevation.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of axle taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. t is a top plan view of a pair of brake shoes.

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of a portion of the axle and thebrake applying mechanism carried thereby.

Fig. dis a perspective new of abrake shoe. T

Fig. 7 is a detail elevation illustrating a pair of brake applying camsand pins. and

Fig. 8' is a detail side elevation of a cam and its cooperating pin.

In carrying out my invention I employ a veh cle'comprising a chassis frame 1 conslstlng of the usual longitudinal and transverse frame members and which is supported on front or steering wheels 2- and rear or driving wheels 3. The wheels 3 are preferably carried at the outer extremities of an axle comprising parallel longitudinal members 5 and transverse end members and caps 6 thereby producing a box-like structure open at top or bottom for the greater part of 1ts length. The axle'carries a differential in a casing 7 positioned between the members 5 and at the center ofthe axle and the difierenti'al mechanism is connected by means of a flexible couplingStoone section of a jointed propeller shaft 9 which extends from the engine 10 to the differential and through the usual speed changing transmisslon 11. The sections of the shaft 9 are secured together by means of flexible joints similar to'the coupling 8.

- The driving wheels 3 are preferably of the double tire type and with a single range of spokes beneath the outermost tire. To the inner side of that portion of the telly which carries the innermost tire is secured an annulus 12 which forms the drum of the brake which is of the internal type, that is the brake shoescoact with the interior of the drum.-

v The brakeshoes 13 and 14. are arranged in pairs grouped around the axle and supported thereby. The brake shoes are duplicates and interchangeable. Each shoe comprises a segment 15 having a radius slightly less than the inside radius of" the drum 12 and is carried at one end of a lever 16 the opposite end of'which is formed with jaws 17, 17 which are pivoted to a bearing 18 car ried by the cap 6. The lever 16 is set to one side of the center line between the jaws 17 Each lever is provided with a projection 19 which is located in line with the center of the jaws andv extends in a general direction away from the interior surface of the shoe segment carried by the lever. The lever, jaws, projection-and shoe segment are suitably fianged'to give the maximum strength for the minimum amount of metal employed. Each shoe of each pair is attached to a similar shoe on the opposite side of the axle by means of aspring 20.

When the "shoes 13 and 14 of a pair are arranged in position on the axle the levers 16 extend in opposite directions and are secured to bearings 18 on opposite sides of the longitudinal center of the axle. The projection 19 of one lever 16engages'between the jaws 17 of the other lever of that pair and the relative dimensions of the projection and the space between the jaws is such as to permit movement of the projection toward and away from the axle but movement of the projection in the direction of the axis of the wheelie prevented.

Each projection 19 is engaged by a pin 21 which projects through a wall 22 of the cap 6 to which the jaws 17 are pivoted, and the pin engaging the projection of one lever is located in proximity to the pivot of the sec- 0nd lever of the pair. a

Each pin at the end opposite that end engaged by the projection is engaged by a cam 23 or 24 and the cams 25 and 26 of oppositely disposed pairs of brake shoes are oppositely faced in order that the segments of each pair may be moved by the cams in opposite directions. The cams 23 and 24 are carried at the ends of shafts 27 and 28 respectively and the cams 25 and 26 are similarly carried on shafts 29 and 30. The shafts are journaledin the cap 16 and in bearings secured to the longitudinal memhere 5 of the axle. The shafts 27 and 28 are located above the horizontal center of the axle while the shafts '29 and 30 are below such horizontal center.

same vertical plane. are longer than the shafts 28 and 29.

The shafts 27, 28, 29 and 30 carry levers 27 28, 29 and 30 respectively at their inner ends. These levers extend in the same direction and the levers 27 and 30 are in the same vertical plane while their free ends are on different horizontal levels. The levers 28 and 29" are similarly arranged relatively to each other.

The tree extremity of each lever has pinned thereto a stirrup 31. The. sides of the stirrups are each provided with a series oi oppositely disposed openings by means of which the stirru' may be adjusted relatively to the lever. lhe stirrups oi the levers 27 and 30 are each secured to a rod 33 and the stirrups out levers 28 and 29 eimilar rods 34%.- .ill oi these rods project toward the front of the vehicle.

rods 33 are pivoted to opposite ends of an. equalizing bar 35 to the center of which brake rod 36, having a "'urnbuclrle pivoted. The rods 34 similarly ed to similar hralre rod preferably s and.

"e spaced e nee'aaeo ment. The outer end of each shaft is flattened to form the cams 23 and 25. A wide, shallow spherical groove 39 is cut in the flat face of each shaft and the center of each groove is in vertical alinement with the pins 21. The fiat faces and grooves are oppositely disposed and the groove in cam 23 engages the bottom of the upper pin 21 and the groove in the cam 25 engages the top of the lower pin 21. The engaging ends of the pins are tapered to form wedges and the extremities of the pins which engagethe grooves are rounded to prevent wear and to permit freedom of movement of the en gaging parts. The arrangement of the cams 24 and 26 and the pins 21 at the opposite side of the center line of the axle is the same as that above described. The arrangement of brake drum, shoes, levers, cams, and brake rods are duplicated at the opposite end of the axle and in cooperation with the wheel carried thereby.

The brake shoe segments are each provided by pressure of his foot to apply one shoe of The cams 23, 24, 25 and 26 and the pins 21 are arranged inthe The shafts 27 and 30 I 1 attached to'crank arms on a shaft 43 pareach pair to the drums of both driving wheels.

The bralre rods 38 extend forward and are allel to the shaft 11. A lever ll on the shaft 43 and in convenient reach of the operator enables him to apply the second of each pt ir of brake shoes to both of the driving wheels.

The brake shoes 13' of each pair engage the drum at diametrically. opposite points, and the shoes 14 of each pair contact with diametrically opposite points in the drum. When the pedal 42 for example is depressed brake shoes will be caused to engage at opposite sides of each wheel and the braking ell ort will be equally distributed to both wheels. the use of the equalizing bars 35 the two shoes connected thereto and to the brake rod 36 or 38 will be applied with equal pressure, the wear on the shoes will be equally distributed and the lining of one shoe will not be worn at more rapid, rate than will that oil another. 'llhis will add to the effectiveness of the brake tor the reason that the maximum braking surface will at all times available.

As the brake shoe lining becomes worn hut not to such an extent to require re lining" the connections the stir-raps l and their respective levers be brolren, lever i -d t l dis cured in a forward pairof perforations 32.

For a more delicate adjustment the turnbuckles 37 maybe operated to lengthen or shorten the brake rods '36, 38. In making adjustments as above described the cams will be rotated to assume new'positions r'elatively to the. brake shoes and the brakes may be applied as before without changing the-throw of the pedal42 or lever 44.

, tively light tension andthe effort of "the O erator to overcome the tension and apply the brake will be slight.

The tractive effort of the wheels and road and other shocks are transmitted from the Y wheels through the axle by means of a member 45 pivoted'to the axle and, by means of auniversal joint 47, to the frame 1 in the longitudinal center line thereof. The member 45 will permit of, movement of the axle toward and awa brake rod 33 an 34 is provided with a joint from the frame and each 51 in approximately the same vertical plane as the oint 47, whereby the member 45 and rods 33 and 34 will be parallel, irrespective of the position of the axle relatively to the frame. a y

In 0 ration, when pressure is applied to the pe al 42, the brake rods 36 are pulled to the left, (Figs. 1', 2, 3 and 4). This movement will cause the free ends of the leversv 27 and 30 to move in the same direction and rotate the cams 23 and 26 in the directions indicatedby the arrows in Fig. 2. The rotation of the cams will, through their coacting pins 21,1 nove the diametrically opppsed brake shoes 13, 13 against the't'ension o the springs 20 and into engagement with the interior of the brake drum 12,. and arrest the rotation. When the pedal is re leased the springs will, release the brake shoes from engagement with the drum and restore them, together with the levers, rods and pedal, toftheir initial position.

When the lever 44 is moved forward the shoes 14, 14 or each set are applied in the manner above described, andwhen both sets are operated the braking effort is applied to practically-the entire periphery of the drum 12, which, because of the fact that itis wholly within theboundaries of the wheel and not suhjectto injury from road obstrucvers 16 carried by the axle, it will be understood that as many pairs as there are sides to the axle may be employed. With an axle of rectavzgular cross section four sets may be used. ith a hexagonal axle structure six may befemployed, and so on. v The only difierence'being the addition of a number of rods corresponding to 33 and 34, le-

vers such as 27, etc., pins 21, and cams 23,

The axle elements 5 carry the usual live members 5*, and are connected to the chassis frame through the medium of a triangular driving'member45 which is pivoted'to the axle at 46. Thebppo'site end of the member is secured to't ev frame by means of a universal joint at 47. The gear casing 7 carries one member'of a universal joint 48, the other member of which forms part of a torque rod 419.. The forward end of the torque rod is secured to the frame 1 by means of a universal joint .50.

The shaftsection 9, the member 45, and

the torque rod ,49 are of the same length,

and arranged in, parallel relation. When the springs are flexed the torque rod 49 will prevent the axle turning in the direction of the longitudinal center of the frame, and

the paralleism of the shaft section-9, member 45, and the torque rod 49, will be preserved. "The pivotal connection 51 of the brake rigging rods 34 and 35, with the pull rods 36 and 38, ,will retain the rods 34 and 35 parallel with the elements 9, 45 and 49, and the tension of the brake mechanism will remain constant irrespective of the position of the chassis frame relatively to the axle.

In Fig. 1 I have illustrated diagrammatically the position of the parts in two positions. The dotted line illustrates the position of no load, and the full lines show the parts in position of normal load.

The movements of the brake lever 44 and brake pedal in .a,pplying .or releasing the brakes are constant, notwithstanding the po sition of thefraine relatively "tothe axle, and the brakes having been set with the vehicle loaded to capacity will remain set when all of the load has been removed. With the ordinary brakerigging a loaded truck, if stopped on a hill and the load removed, the axle will rotate when the frame raises asthe load is removed. This turning of'the axle will causerelative movement of the parts of the brake rigging carried on the frame. and those parts carried by the axle and wheel and the brake will be'released.

[This will often result in the vehicle moving down hill with disastrous results. With the brake mechanism of the present application this danger is removed.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes,-I have. described the principle of my invention, together with the apparatus which I now consider to repre- 45 one lever of-each pair being on one side &

sent the best embodimentthereof; but I desire to have it understood that. the apparatus shown is merely illustrative and t at the invention may be carried out in other wa s. r I

- l laving now described my invention, what i I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A brake, comprising a drum, a plurality of pairs of brake shoes pivoted within the drum, the shoes of each pair being arranged on. diametrically opposite sidsof' the drum, and meansoutside of the drum for independently engaginga shoe of each painto the drum. I 4 Y .2. A brake comprising a drum, a plu-' rality of pairs of brake shoes pivoted within a the 'drum, the shoes of each pair being arranged on opposite sides of adiameter of the drum, and, means outside of the drum for independently and simultaneously engagin a'shoe of each pair with the drum.

3. brake comprising a drum, a plurality of pairs of brake shoes having pivotal movement within the drum, thepivot of one shoe of a pair being diametrically opposite the pivot of theother shoe of the pair and dependentl means outside of the drum for simultane with the rum.

5. '-A- brake, comprising a drum, a plurality of levers, having pivotal movement within the drum, said levers being m pairs,

of a diameter of the drum and the other of said pair on the opposite side thereof, the

fulcrums of the levers of each pair bein diametrically opposed, a brake shoe carrie by each lever and adapted to engage the drum, and means engaging the levers between the fulcrums and the shoes for simultaneously and independently 'engagmg a shoe of'each pair with the drum.

6. A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a lever pivoted on each slde of an axial plane ofthe axle, the fulcrums of the levers being on opposite sides of an axial plane perpendicular to the ,first mentioned plane, a brake shoe carried by each lever,

and means independent of the levers for engagmg the levers and applying the shoes to the drum...

engaging a shoe of each pair neeaeeo carrying the'drum, an axe supported by the wheel, a lever pivoted oneach side of an axial plane of the axle, said levers lying within the drum, the fulcrums of the levers I being on opposite sides of an axial plane perpendicular to the first mentioned plane, abrake shoe carried by each lever, said shoes being diametrically opposed, and separate means within the drum for engaging each lever and applying the shoes to the drum, said means being unsecured to the levers.

9. A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a lever pivoted on each side of the axle,'a'brake shoe carried by each lever, said shoes being diametrically opposed, and Separate means for engagin each lever at a point between its pivot an its shoe to ap ply the shoes to the drum, said means being unsecured to the levers.

10. A. brake comprising a drum, a wheel carg'yjng the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a pair of levers pivoted to the nee on opposite sides of the longitudinal centerthereof and extending in opposite directions, a brake shoe carried by each lever, and means within the axle for independentl and simultaneously applying one shoe 0 each pair to the drum.

11, A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum? an axle supported by the wheel, a pair of third class levers pivoted to the axle on opposite sides of the longitudinal center thereof and extending in opposits directions, a brake shoe carried by each lever, said shoes being diametrically opposed, and means within the drum for independently applying the diagonally o posed shoes ofeach pair to the drum, said applying means being movable in right lines carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a pair of levers pivoted to the axle, a brake shoe carried by each lever, said shoes being disposed within the drum and lying in the same plane, cams within the axle and operatable from a distant point, said cams cooperating with the levers whereby the shoes may be independently engaged with the drum.

14. A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a pair of levers pivoted to the axle, said levers extending in opposite directions from their pivots, there being an opening in each lever adjacent the pivot thereof, a projection on each lever, the projection on one lever engaging the opening in the other le ver, a brake shoe carried h each lever and adapted to coiiperate with the drum, a member carried by the axle-in alinement with and engaging each projection, a cam engaging each member, whereby the shoes may be caused to engage the drum.

15. A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a pair of levers pivoted to the axle,

said levers extending in opposite directions from their pivots and lylng side by side, there bein an opening in each lever adjacent the pivot thereof, a projection on each lever, the projection on one lever engaging the opening in the other lever, a brake shoe carried by each lever and adapted to cooperate with the drum, a member carried by the axle in alinement with and engaging each projection, a cam enga ing each member, whereby the shoes may e caused to engage the drum.

16. A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a box-like element carried by the axle, a pair of levers pivoted to the element on opposite sides thereof, the levers of each pair lying side by side and extending in opposite directions from their pivots, a pair of jaws at the pivot end of each lever, a projection on each lever, said projection en-. gaging between the jaws of the adjacent lever, a brake shoe carried by each lever, a pin movable in the box-like member engaging each projection, a cam engaging each pin, the cams of opposed pairs of levers facing in opposite directions, and means for rotating the cams in pairs whereby diametrically opposed brake shoes of each pair will be simultaneously brought into engagement with the drum.

17. A brake comprising a drum, a wheel carrying the drum, an axle supported by the wheel, a box-like element carried by the axle, a pair of levers pivoted to the element on opposite sides thereof, the levers of each pair lying side by side and extending in opposite directions from their pivots, a pair of jaws at the pivot end of each lever, opposed levers of each pair being elastically connected together, a projection on each lever, said projection engaging between the jaws of the adjacent lever, a brake shoe carried by each lever, a pin movable in the boxlike member engaging each projection, a cam engaging each pin, the cams of opposed pairs of levers facing in opposite directions, and means for rotating the cams in pairs whereby diametrically opposed brake shoes of each pair will be simultaneously brought into engagement with the drum.

This specification signed and witnemed this 21st day of November, 1918.

JOHN M. LANSDEN.

Witnesses:

- A. E. BENTON,

ABRAHAM Fos'rovn. 

